Understanding and Managing Eye Ulcers in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Authored by Katherine Hull

Introduction:

Eye ulcers, also known as corneal ulcers, are a common ocular condition that can affect cats of all ages and breeds. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye, and when it becomes damaged or develops an open sore, it is referred to as an ulcer. These painful sores on the cornea, require prompt veterinary attention to prevent further complications and preserve your feline friend's vision. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for eye ulcers in cats.

Causes:

Eye ulcers in cats can occur due to various reasons, including:

• Trauma: Scratches from foreign objects, sharp claws, or a cat fight can damage the cornea, leading to ulcers.

• Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, such as feline herpesvirus or chlamydia, can contribute to the development of ulcers.

• Foreign Bodies: Particles like dirt, dust, or plant material that make their way into a cat's eye can cause irritation and ulcers if not promptly removed.

• Abnormal Eyelid Anatomy: Certain conditions, such as entropion (inward-rolling eyelids) or distichiasis (abnormal eyelash growth), can cause the eyelashes or eyelids to rub against the cornea, resulting in ulcers.

• Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca): Insufficient tear production can lead to a dry cornea, making it more susceptible to ulcers.

Symptoms:

If you see any of the following signs of an eye ulcer you should seek immediate veterinary care. Look out for the following symptoms:

• Excessive blinking or squinting

• Redness and inflammation in the eye

• Watery or thick discharge

• Cloudiness or opacity in the cornea (surface of the eye)

• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)

• Pawing at the affected eye

• Loss of appetite or decreased activity levels (in severe cases)

Diagnosis:

If you suspect your cat has an eye ulcer, you should book an appointment with us as soon as possible. The vet will perform a thorough examination, including:

• Visual inspection using an ophthalmoscope to assess the cornea's condition and rule out other eye disorders.

• Fluorescein staining: A dye is applied to the eye, which helps identify the presence and extent of the ulcer.

• Schirmer's tear test: This test measures tear production and is used if dry eye is suspected.

• Conjunctival swab: If an infection is suspected, a swab may be taken for laboratory analysis.

Treatment:

The treatment approach for feline eye ulcers will depend on the severity and underlying cause. Common treatment options include:

• Medications: Topical antibiotic or antiviral eye drops or ointments are usually prescribed to prevent or treat secondary infections.

• Analgesics: Corneal ulcers are very painful, so pain relief is required.

• E-collar: To prevent the cat from pawing or scratching the eye, an Elizabethan collar (E-collar) may be recommended.

• Tear stimulants: If dry eye is contributing to the ulcers, medications that stimulate tear production may be prescribed.

• Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgical correction may be required to address underlying eyelid abnormalities or remove foreign bodies.

• Supportive care: Maintaining a clean environment and avoiding irritants can aid the healing process.

Prevention:

While some causes of eye ulcers may be difficult to prevent, there are steps you can take to minimise the risks:

• Regular veterinary check-ups to monitor eye health.

• Avoid using harsh chemicals or cleaning agents near your cat's living areas.

• Promptly address any eye injuries or signs of infection.

• Provide a well-balanced diet to promote overall health.

Conclusion:

Eye ulcers in cats are a serious condition that require immediate veterinary attention. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate discomfort, prevent complications, and preserve your feline companion's vision.

If you would have any concerns about your cats eyes then please contact us.